How Employment Affects Violence
Employment can protect against Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) by providing[]:
- Financial stability, independence and a sense of control
- Physically safe space
- Self-esteem
- Social connectedness
- Mental respite
- Purpose and fulfillment
On the other hand, employment-related risk factors for IPV and domestic abuse include:[,,]
- Unemployment
- Underemployment[]
- Job insecurity
- Job control
- Job loss
- Job stress
[VE40] Underemployment means that the job does not meet the employee’s needs. This can be a job that (1) does not use the person’s full skills, (2) does not pay enough to meet the person’s needs, or (3) is seasonal, irregular, or part-time (if full-time work is desired).
[VE6] Rothman, E. F., Hathaway, J., Stidsen, A., & de Vries, H. F. (2007). How employment helps female victims of intimate partner violence: A qualitative study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(2), 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.2.136
[VE7] Borchers, A., Lee, R. C., Martsolf, D. S., & Maler, J. (2016). Employment Maintenance and Intimate Partner Violence. Workplace Health & Safety, 64(10), 469–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/2165079916644008
[VE8] Matjasko, J. L., Niolon, P. H., & Valle, L. A. (2012). The role of economic factors and economic support in preventing and escaping from intimate partner violence. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 32(1), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.21666
[VE9] University of Royal Holloway London. (2014, February 25). Unemployed women face greater risk of domestic violence. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 12, 2021. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140225101147.htm